Study on Phenological Character in Seedling Period of Introduced Populus deltoids Clones

为了探索美洲黑杨物候性状遗传变异水平与利用潜力,开展基因资源评价,提供杨树定向遗传改良育种材料,对60个引种美洲黑杨无性系苗期的8个物候期进行观测分析。结果表明：①各无性系物候特征存在较大差异,展叶盛期差异最大,变异系数为14.97%,最小的是落叶末期,为3.83%;②展叶盛期出现的时间最分散,落叶末期相对集中,苗木生长前期物候特征是影响生长期长短的主要因素;③通过主成分分析将物候期分为3类典型,即萌芽期、展叶盛期和落叶期;④对各无性系物候出现时间变量进行聚类分析,将60个无性系分成4类。     

Genomic predictions across Nordic Holstein and Nordic Red using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction model with different genomic relationship matrices

This study investigated genomic predictions across Nordic Holstein and Nordic Red using various genomic relationship matrices. Different sources of information, such as consistencies of linkage disequilibrium (LD) phase and marker effects, were used to construct the genomic relationship matrices (G‐matrices) across these two breeds. Single‐trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) model and two‐trait GBLUP model were used for single‐breed and two‐breed genomic predictions. The data included 5215 Nordic Holstein bulls and 4361 Nordic Red bulls, which was composed of three populations: Danish Red, Swedish Red and Finnish Ayrshire. The bulls were genotyped with 50 000 SNP chip. Using the two‐breed predictions with a joint Nordic Holstein and Nordic Red reference population, accuracies increased slightly for all traits in Nordic Red, but only for some traits in Nordic Holstein. Among the three subpopulations of Nordic Red, accuracies increased more for Danish Red than for Swedish Red and Finnish Ayrshire. This is because closer genetic relationships exist between Danish Red and Nordic Holstein. Among Danish Red, individuals with higher genomic relationship coefficients with Nordic Holstein showed more increased accuracies in the two‐breed predictions. Weighting the two‐breed G‐matrices by LD phase consistencies, marker effects or both did not further improve accuracies of the two‐breed predictions.     

Pig-major acute phase protein and haptoglobin serum concentrations correlate with PCV2 viremia and the clinical course of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The aim of the present longitudinal study was to assess the evolution of two acute phase proteins (APPs), pig-major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and haptoglobin (HPT), in serum from pigs that developed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in comparison to healthy and wasted non-PMWS affected pigs. In addition, evidence of infection with other pathogens and its relation with variations in APPs concentrations was also assessed. Fourteen independent batches of 100–154 pigs were monitored from birth to PMWS outbreak occurrence in 11 PMWS affected farms. Pigs displaying PMWS-like signs and age-matched healthy controls were euthanized during the clinical outbreak. PMWS was diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria and pigs were classified as: (i) PMWS cases, (ii) wasted non-PMWS cases and (iii) healthy pigs. At the moment of PMWS occurrence, pig-MAP and HPT concentration in PMWS affected pigs were higher than in healthy ones (p < 0.0001). No differences in APPs serum concentrations between subclinically PCV2-infected pigs and healthy non-PCV2-infected pigs (based on quantitative PCR on serum results) were detected. Results showed a significant correlation between PCV2 loads and both pig-MAP (R = 0.487–0.602, p < 0.0001) and HPT (R = 0.326–0.550, p < 0.05–0.0001) concentrations in serum of PMWS affected pigs, indicating that the acute phase response in PMWS affected pigs occurred concomitantly to PCV2 viremia. No other pathogen, apart from PCV2, was consistently related with variations in APPs concentrations. A ROC analysis, made to determine the capacity of discrimination of both APPs between PMWS affected and non-affected pigs, showed higher sensitivity and specificity values using pig-MAP compared to HPT. These results suggest that pig-MAP might be a better indicator of PMWS status than HPT. Moreover, the fact that APR occurred some weeks before the start of clinical signs suggests that APPs could provide valuable prognostic information for PMWS development.     

Effect of the duration of commercial journeys between rearing farms and growing–finishing farms on the physiological stress response of weaned piglets

To find the effect of journey duration on the stress levels of weaned piglets a combination of physiological welfare indicators was used. One hundred and thirty-six piglets were monitored in two replicates of a short (0.6 h) and a long (8.3 h) commercial transport from a rearing to a growing–finishing farm. Variables studied were haematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), total white blood cell count (WBC), differential WBC counts, serum pig's major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), haptoglobin (Hp), cortisol, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and albumin before loading and immediately after unloading. A marked increase in leucocytes (P < 0.01) and a tendency to lower eosinophil concentrations (P = 0.086) were observed in those piglets transported during the short journeys. On the other hand, the decrease in lymphocytes was particularly remarkable in the long journeys (P < 0.01). No increase in Hp concentrations after the transports was found, but an increase in Pig-MAP concentrations was observed at the end of the long journeys (P < 0.001). Cortisol concentrations did not show significant changes in either short or long journeys. According to CPK (P < 0.05) and LDH activities, some physical fatigue was detected at the end of transports, particularly in the short journeys. The decrease in haematocrit values in the short journeys (P < 0.05), and the absence of variations in RBC, albumin, and total protein concentrations would indicate that the loss of body water during both transport durations was reduced. Sex did not affect the response of piglets to transport, which could be attributable to the young age of the animals. Changes in albumin concentrations (P < 0.05), together with the tendencies to higher WBC (P = 0.092) and neutrophil counts (P = 0.076), suggest a more marked response to the stress of transport in heterozygous for the halothane gene (Nn) piglets than in homozygous negative (NN) piglets. Overall results indicate that, although transports were generally stressful, it is unclear which of the two durations was more detrimental for piglet welfare, and suggest a different stress response to transport with respect to that of older pigs.     

分散液相微萃取测定苹果中灭线磷马拉硫磷和毒死蜱残留

采用液液分散微萃取与气相色谱-火焰光度检测器联用技术,提出了可用于苹果中有机磷农药残留检测的一种快速、灵敏的新方法,并通过试验对提取条件进行了优化。结果表明,该方法成功地应用到苹果样本的检测。在优化的条件下最低检出限从1.32-3.58μg.mL^-1,相对标准偏差为11.06%-15.39%,分析标准曲线采用五点法（浓度从0.5-20μg.mL^-1）来绘制,线性的变化从0.977 3-0.997 6。为了评价样本的基质效应,用有机磷农药从3个不同浓度水平对样本进行添加,回收率从64.0%-89.0%,并且没有发现基质效应。液液分散微萃取不仅操作简便而且有机溶剂使用量极少,是一种顺应时代要求的环境友好型萃取方法。     

离心式气液分离器流场的全三维数值模拟

针对适用于高密度、高粘度钻井液气液分离系统二级分离的离心式气液分离器,运用 CFD 商业软件对其进行了全三维数值模拟,通过选取适当的数学物理模型得出了分离器内部气液两相流的运动情况和分布状况,探讨了分离器内的局部流场情况,指出了原模型的一些不足,提出了改进后的分离器模型。     

转速对水泵水轮机压水调相运行水环流动的影响

为了研究水泵水轮机在调相工况下转速对水环流动的影响,应用ANSYS CFX软件对某中比转数水泵水轮机在调相工况下的水环流动特性进行全流道非定常数值计算,分析水泵水轮机在不同转速下(n=600,800,1 000,1 050 r/min)水环的压力脉动特性和流动特性.研究结果表明:无叶区水环的厚度与转速密切相关,转速越大,水环内自由液面的平均半径越大,水环厚度越薄;不同转速下无叶区内的压力脉动频率组成成分相同,主频均为由动静干涉作用引起的7f_n,且随着转速的增大主频的幅值增大,水环的流动速度增大;在相同转速下,无叶区周向压力脉动强度变化不明显,但在无叶区径向,越靠近转轮处压力脉动越小;转轮出口处有明显的气液分界面,整个转轮流道内充满气体,这表明水环对气体密封的效果良好.研究结果可为水泵水轮机调相工况运行提供一定参考.     

黄瓜香气成分的顶空固相微萃取气质联用分析

 在OV21701 和Supelcowax 10 毛细管色谱柱两种试验条件下采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用分析新鲜黄瓜的挥发性成分, 共分离到36 种芳香物质, 已准确鉴定的成分有29 种, 并对两种试验条件的优缺点进行评价。     

Haematological, biochemical and selected acute phase protein reference intervals for weaned female Merino lambs

Background   Merino lambs are currently the subject of much research into the welfare aspects of mulesing and mulesing alternatives.
Objective   Obtain haematology, biochemistry and acute phase protein reference intervals using modern methodologies for female Merino lambs.
Method   Blood was collected from 50, weaned, 9- to 16-week-old, female Merino lambs. Haematology and biochemistry panels were performed using routine automated methods. The acute phase proteins, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, were also measured using commercially available techniques. The reference intervals were determined to be the central 95% of results.
Results   Differences in the concentrations for some analytes were seen when compared with reported studies in sheep, but may be explained by the use of sheep of a different signalment, as well as different methodologies for analyte measurement. Overall, most analytes gave similar values to those previously reported in other studies. Notable exceptions were alkaline phosphatase, phosphate and globulins, for which the different results were often attributed to the younger age of the sheep in the present study, and platelets and creatine kinase, for which the elevated levels may have been a result of stress and muscle exertion associated with blood collection and husbandry practices.
Conclusion   Established haematological, biochemical and acute phase protein reference intervals are necessary for the investigation of the systemic impact of mulesing and mulesing alternatives and for the investigation of systemic diseases affecting weaned, 9- to 16-week-old, female Merino lambs in general.